Enhancing Skills

Category: Linux

sort: Sort Lines of Text Files

Description:The sort command sorts lines of text files in ascending or descending order based on specified criteria. By default, it sorts lines alphabetically. Command: Sample Input file.txt: Sample Output (Default Sorting): Options: Example with -r Option: To sort lines in reverse order: Sample Output with -r: Example with -n Option: […] Read more »

wc: Print Newline, Word, and Byte Counts

Description:The wc (word count) command is used to count the number of lines, words, and bytes (or characters) in a file. It can also be used to count the number of bytes or characters only. Command: Sample Input file.txt: Sample Output: Explanation: Options: Example with -l Option: To count lines […] Read more »

diff: Compare Files Line by Line

Description:The diff command compares two files line by line and outputs the differences between them. It is useful for identifying changes between files, often used in version control systems. Command: Sample Input file1.txt: file2.txt: Sample Output: Explanation: Options: Example with -u Option: To show the differences in unified format: Sample […] Read more »

comm: Compare Two Sorted Files

Description:The comm command compares two sorted files line by line and outputs three columns: Command: Sample Input file1.txt: file2.txt: Sample Output: Explanation: Options: Example with Options To display only lines that are common to both files: Sample Output with -12: This command is useful for comparing files, finding unique or […] Read more »

perl: Practical Extraction and Report Language

The perl command is a powerful programming language used for text processing, system administration, web development, and more. It provides extensive capabilities for string manipulation, file handling, and regular expressions. Command: Examples Description: Executes a Perl script that prints “Hello, World!” to the console. Sample Output: Description: Replaces all occurrences […] Read more »

sed: Stream Editor for Filtering and Transforming Text

The sed command is a stream editor used for filtering and transforming text. It processes text line by line and can perform various editing tasks, such as substitutions, deletions, and insertions. Command: Examples Description: Replaces the first occurrence of “old” with “new” in each line of filename.txt. Sample File (filename.txt): […] Read more »

xargs: Build and Execute Command Lines from Standard Input

The xargs command is used to build and execute command lines from standard input. It reads items from standard input, separated by spaces, newlines, or other delimiters, and executes a specified command with those items as arguments. Command: Examples Sample Input: Sample Output: Sample Input: Sample Output: Sample Input: Sample […] Read more »

join: Join lines of two files on a common field

The join command is used to merge lines of two files based on a common field. It is commonly used for combining data from two files with a shared key or column. Command: Examples Sample File (file1.txt): Sample File (file2.txt): Sample Output: Sample File (file1.csv): Sample File (file2.csv): Sample Output: […] Read more »

awk: Pattern scanning and processing language

The tr command is used to translate or delete characters from input data. It’s commonly used for tasks such as changing character case, replacing specific characters, or deleting unwanted characters. Basic Syntax Options Examples 1. Convert Lowercase to Uppercase Command: Sample Input: Sample Output: Explanation: 2. Delete Specific Characters Command: […] Read more »

cut: Extract sections from each line of input

The cut command is used to extract sections from each line of input files or streams. It operates on text files or input streams and allows you to select specific columns or fields based on delimiters. Basic Syntax Options Examples 1. Extract Specific Fields from a CSV File Command: Sample […] Read more »